• 517 Downloads • Abstract Inverse dynamic analysis is used in the study ofhuman gait to evaluate the reaction forces transmittedbetween adjacent anatomical segments and to calculate thenet moments-of-force that result from the muscle activityabout each biomechanical joint. The quality of theresults, in terms of reaction and muscle forces, is greatlyaffected not only by the choice of biomechanical model butalso by the kinematic data provided as input.

PDF download for Analytically Derived Three-Dimensional Reach Volumes Based on Multijoint Movements, Article Information. McFarland, R. A., Damon, A., & Stoudt, H. Anthropometry in the design of driver's workspace. Biomechanics of the musculo-skeletal system (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley., Google. Muscles, such as those for the lower extremity muscle apparatus shown. Figure 2, are also introduced in the equations of motion of the multibody system as kinematic constraints described as point-to-point kinematic driver actuators [7]. For a muscle actuator, with origin and insertion located in points n and m of rigid bodies i.

This three-dimensional data is obtained through the reconstruction ofthe measured human motion. A biomechanical model isdeveloped representing human body components with acollection of rigid bodies interconnected by kinematicjoints. The data processing, leading to the spatialreconstruction of the anatomical point coordinates, usesfiltering techniques to eliminate the high frequencycomponents arising from the digitization process. Thetrajectory curves, describing the positions of theanatomical points are obtained using a form of polynomialinterpolation, generally cubic splines. The velocities andaccelerations are then the polynomial derivatives. Thisprocedure alone does not ensure that the kinematic data isconsistent with the biomechanical model adopted, becausethe underlying kinematic constraint equations are notnecessarily satisfied.

In the present work, thereconstructed spatial positions of the anatomical pointsare corrected by ensuring that the kinematic constraints ofthe biomechanical model are not violated. The velocity andacceleration equations of the biomechanical model are thencalculated as the first and second time derivatives of theconstraint equations. The solution to these equationsprovides the model with kinematically consistent velocitiesand accelerations. The procedures are demonstrated throughthe application to a normal cadence stride period and theresults discussed with respect to the underlying principlesof the techniques used.

Abstract Background: The benefit of for athletic performance has been recognized in both sport and professional environments. However, the biomechanical mechanism by which reduced shoe weight improves athletic performance is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of basketball shoe weight on performance and corresponding lower-extremity biomechanics for the example of a 10 m sprint start. Methods: For twenty-two male recreational athletes, sprint start (3.7 m) and 10 m sprint performances were quantified from timing lights in three basketball shoe conditions (light=352 g; medium=510 g; heavy=637 g). Ground reaction forces and kinematics and kinetics of the lower-extremity joints during the first sprinting stride were determined using 3D-motion analysis and a force platform.

A Support Vector Machine analysis and linear regression were performed to analyze differences between the shoe conditions and their association with performance. Respiratory Physiology Pdf The Essentials Tcm on this page. Results: Average sprint start and 10 m sprint times in the light shoe were significantly reduced compared to the heavy shoe by up to 24 ms (3%) and 32 ms (1.8%), respectively. The reduction in shoe weight led to significantly different ankle joint biomechanics with a 5% increase in peak plantarflexion velocity in the light shoe that was associated with a decrease in sprint start time. Conclusion: Lighter basketball shoes enhance sprint start performance, likely by facilitating faster ankle during the first sprinting stride. This mechanism can promote player performance during important game scenarios and encourages further innovative light-weight shoe concepts not only in sports but also in working environments that require high.

Keywords Shoe weight; Sprint performance; Basketball; Sports biomechanics; Motion Analysis; Support vector machine Introduction The ability to start quickly and sprint fast is an essential factor for performance in a variety of sports. Specifically, the sprint start is of high importance in many field and court sports as they require fast acceleration during frequent high-intensity movements [-]. In basketball, 15% of the total playing time is spent in high-intensity activities, including up to 55 sprints per game. The vast majority of these sprints (73%) are shorter than 2 s, emphasizing the significance of fast sprint starts for the player’s performance [,]. High performance in a sprint start results from maximal power generation at the lower extremity joints [,], determined by joint kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs).